A powerful characterization technique is critically needed to offer efficient screening at nanometer resolution within single and multiple cells and their supporting nanostructured substrate. Such a technique will significantly advance understanding of how cells respond to extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues upon interfacing with those nanostructures – which is likely to facilitate the design of improved cellular manipulation technologies.

We combine powerful characterization technologies – such as cryo-electron microscopy, SEM-FIB, and electron tomography – that help to reveal detailed correlations of the synergetic parameters, enabling insights into the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of SiNW/NT-mediated intracellular delivery.